Book of John - Chapter 1 - Verse 21

Many scholars interpret this verse as a moment where John the Baptist is questioned about his identity. The people asking him if he is Elias are referencing the Old Testament prophecy in Malachi 4:5, which states that before the coming of the Messiah, the prophet Elijah will return. John the Baptist clarifies that he is not Elijah. When they ask him if he is "that prophet", they are most likely referring to the prophecy in Deuteronomy 18:15, which speaks of a prophet like Moses who will come. John the Baptist's response to this question is also negative. By denying being Elijah or "that prophet", John the Baptist is affirming that he is his own unique self, the one who prepares the way for the Messiah. This moment serves to emphasize John the Baptist's humility and his role as the herald of Jesus Christ's coming.

The theological interpretation of the verse where the people asked John the Baptist if he was Elijah or the Prophet provides insight into the Jewish expectations at the time. The Jews were awaiting the coming of Elijah before the arrival of the Messiah, as it was foretold by the prophet Malachi. The reference to "that prophet" could be a mention of the prophet promised in Deuteronomy 18:15, which gives further context to their question. John's denials indicate that he knew his role was to prepare the way for the Messiah, not to fulfill the specific prophecies regarding Elijah or the Prophet. This passage also highlights the confusion and anticipation among the people regarding the identity of the Messiah and the roles of the prophets. The word study of "Elias" and "that prophet" sheds light on the expectations and cultural background of the people in relation to the Old Testament prophecies and their understanding of John the Baptist's mission.