Book of Ecclesiastes - Chapter 4 - Verse 4

In this particular verse from the book of Ecclesiastes, the author reflects on the futility of labor and the pursuit of success. The phrase "travail" refers to hard work or labor, and the author contemplates how all the toil and effort put into achieving success can ultimately lead to envy from others. The verse suggests that despite one's best efforts and accomplishments, they may still be the subject of jealousy and resentment from neighbors. The author concludes that this cycle of striving for success only to be envied by others is ultimately meaningless and can lead to a sense of emptiness and frustration. The phrase "vanity and vexation of spirit" emphasizes the fleeting nature of worldly success and the toll it can take on one's inner peace and well-being. It serves as a reminder to reflect on the true meaning and purpose of one's endeavors, beyond the desire for recognition and praise from others.

When examining the theological interpretation of this verse from Ecclesiastes, it is important to consider the broader themes of the book as a whole. Ecclesiastes delves into the existential questions of life's meaning and purpose, often painting a picture of the futility and transience of human efforts. In this specific verse, the author reflects on the nature of work and the envy that can arise from someone's success. Despite recognizing the value of hard work and righteous deeds, the author ultimately concludes that this too is "vanity and vexation of spirit." The word "vanity" here carries a sense of emptiness or meaninglessness, suggesting that even the most commendable actions can be overshadowed by the fleeting nature of life. This verse serves as a reminder to look beyond earthly achievements and seek a deeper, more lasting fulfillment in God.